Terrariums are beautiful indoor gardening containers that create self-sustaining ecosystems, lasting for years if maintained correctly. Surprisingly simple to make, terrariums can be created with a few affordable materials, making them perfect for DIY enthusiasts and thoughtful gifts for gardeners.
This guide will show you how to build your own terrarium, care for its plants, and ensure your creation thrives.
How to Prepare a Terrarium
Project Overview:
- Working Time: 1–2 hours
- Total Time: 2–3 hours
- Skill Level: Intermediate
- Estimated Cost: $20–$100
What Is a Terrarium?
A terrarium is a glass container—fully or partially enclosed—that allows light and heat to enter while retaining moisture. Plants absorb water from the soil, and through transpiration, evaporation, and condensation, the water cycles back, creating a self-sustaining ecosystem.
Materials You’ll Need:
Tools:
- Large spoon or garden trowel
- Small scissors for trimming roots
- Spray bottle
Materials:
- Glass container (e.g., mason jar, aquarium, or cookie jar)
- Gravel or crushed stones
- Activated charcoal
- Sterile potting mix
- Sheet moss
- Terrarium plants
- Decorative elements (optional)
Step-by-Step Instructions:
1. Choose a Container
Pick a clear container with a wide opening for easy access. Options include mason jars, goldfish bowls, or even decorative apothecary jars.
Tip: Open terrariums are less prone to condensation and fungal issues compared to closed ones.
2. Select Your Plants
Choose small plants that thrive in low to medium light and humid conditions, such as:
- African violet
- Polka dot plant
- Small ferns
- Lucky bamboo
- Nerve plant
For cacti or succulents, use an open terrarium, as they don’t tolerate high humidity.
3. Add Drainage Layers
- Place a 2-inch layer of gravel or stones at the bottom for drainage.
- Add a ¼–½ inch layer of activated charcoal to control odors and prevent root rot.
4. Add Moss and Soil
- Lay a sheet of moss over the stones to separate the soil layer.
- Add damp, sterile potting soil on top of the moss, ensuring enough room for plants to grow without touching the lid.
5. Prepare and Plant
- Trim any damaged roots or leaves from your plants.
- Dig small holes in the soil, place each plant, and gently pat the soil around them to eliminate air pockets.
Tip: Use chopsticks or tongs for narrow openings.
6. Decorate
Add decorative elements like shells, stones, or figurines for a personal touch.
7. Water and Clean
- Lightly water the plants until the soil is just damp.
- Clean the glass with a paper towel to remove dirt.
Maintenance Tips:
- Light: Place in indirect light or use artificial lighting.
- Moisture: Water sparingly; enclosed terrariums retain moisture longer.
- Air Circulation: Open the lid monthly to prevent condensation.
- Pruning: Trim overgrown plants and remove yellowing leaves.
- Fertilizer: Avoid fertilizers unless absolutely necessary.
Create a Terrarium With Animals
For a terrarium with reptiles, amphibians, or insects, mimic their natural habitat and maintain specific temperature, humidity, and feeding requirements.